effects of bihar earthquake 1934effects of bihar earthquake 1934

Nepal Science, 307, 13021305. 1934 Mw 8.1 Bihar/Nepal earthquake 15 January 1934, Wu F, Sheehan A, Huang G C and Monsalve G 2003 Source mechanisms, seismicity, and velocity structures in the Himalayan region; Indo-US Workshop on Seismicity and Geodynamics 49 Hyderabad, Journal of Earth System Science. Cur Sci, 83, 10191025. Publ. Nepal Ko Maha Bhukampa (The Great Earthquake of Nepal) (pp. (5.2 MB PDF) Downloads. natural hazards. It caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India. Palaeoliquefaction evidence of prehistoric large/great earthquakes in north Bihar, India. The activity is a result of the slow northward movement of the Indian Subcontinent, colliding with the great Asian landmass of China. Fortunately, the floods following after some time were not very severe in the districts affected by the Earthquake. The earthquake was so severe that in Kolkata, around 650 km (404 mi) from epicenter, many buildings were damaged and the tower of St. Paul's Cathedral collapsed. Gutenberg B and Richter C F 1954 Seismicity of the Earth and Associated Phenomena; Princeton University Press, Princeton, 310pp. 1442-1444. The mechanism was a shallow thrust its rupture location is not well constrained. On Monday the 15th January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes. In: Survey of India Geodetic Report 1936, (eds). Jorganesh Press. Pandey M R and Molnar P 1988 The distribution of intensity of the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 15 January 1934 and bounds on the extent of the rupture zone; J. Geol. Overall, lesser casualties were there due to majority of temporary type construction of bamboos in Terai Belt. According to the National Centre for Seismology, the tremors measured 3.5 on the Richter scale and were felt around 9.23 pm. Impact Summary; [11] Rabindranath Tagore took offence to the irrationality in his statement and accused Gandhi of superstition, even though he was totally in agreement with Gandhi on the issue of untouchability. Disasters 110 1010-1027. Read Steve's blog. Nandy D R, Choudhury A K, Chakraborty C and Narula P L 1993 Geological Survey of India, Bihar-Nepal earthquake, August 20, 1988; Spec. Almost half of the bridges in the valley would be impassible, and 10 percent of all paved roads would have moderate damage, such as deep cracks or subsidence. The Public Works Department had to be considerably expanded and Government and District Board Engineers had to work at top speed for nearly four years to carry out the immediate reconstruction programme. Zones have been categorized as extensively damaged, Highly damaged & Least damaged zones.) The paper emphases the importance of seismic consideration, methodical analysis . The next crops in the affected areas were not bad. The number of deaths was The lion at the head of the Asoka pillar at Lauriya in Champaran District had shifted on its axis in an anti-clockwise direction. Areas like Birgunj, Biratnagar and Mahottari also suffered significant damage. Yeats, R. S., & Thakur, V. C. (2008). 73 1-391. (1984). Great detachment earthquakes along the himalayan arc and long-term forecasting. Surv. 85 1-14. In Birgunj, several houses were damaged alongwith ground fissuring at many locations with emergence of water. Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent; the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934 and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935. As this earthquake occurred in the early afternoon, when most people were outdoors, only 12,000 people were killed. The damage caused by the Bihar earthquake of 15 January, 1934, measuring 8.4 on Richter scale, include 10,700 human deaths, landslides and slumping in an area of 250 km length and 60 km width, ruptures and faults in the ground surface etc. However buildings built on Bedrock survived well than those built on unconsolidated sedimentary deposit available at most part of the valley. 125 people lost their lives, 248 were seriously injured. A.. The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake had a magnitude of 8.1 and caused 12,000 deaths in Nepal and India combined. [14] Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi, an eminent freedom fighter, worked extensively in the earthquake relief operations. 1250). All the kutcha (ramshackle) buildings collapsed, while other pukka (solidly built) buildings suffered damage due to sinking and cracking of the ground.[5]. Earthquake Track. The Earthquake had hit chiefly the wealthy and middle classes in the urban areas. Earthquake recurrence and rupture dynamics of Himalayan frontal thrust, India. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. In Purnea the cast iron piles of a bridge between the civil lines and the railway station were broken. Mr. Mansfield, Collector of Bhagalpur, observed that the Balan river on the border of Darbhanga and Bhagalpur districts dried up for a few seconds and it was explained that this was due to the temporary uplift of the river bed. Using the above reasoning we constrain the 1934 western edge of the Nepal rupture to 85.5 +/- 0.2 degrees East and its western edge to 87.0 +/- 0.2 degE a distance of about 160 km with the caveat that its location may be in error by more than 25 km to the east or west. Am. On January, 15th, 1934, at about 2.13 p.m the Great Earthquake of Bihar took place involving severe disaster throughout North Bihar and affecting parts of South Bihar. Rajendran, C. P., John, B., Rajendran, K., & Sanwal, J. The distribution of intensity of the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 15 January 1934 and bounds on the extent of the rupture zone. Bilham, R. (2019). Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 57075715. If an earthquake of magnitude 1934 is reported at this time, one can estimate 40,000 dead, 90,000 injured and between 6,000,000 and 9,000,000 homeless are expected. Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S., Rockwell, T. K., Briggs, R. W., Thakur, V. C., & Jayangondaperumal, R. (2006). Landslides and Avalanches Earthquake in hilly and mountain areas may cause landslides and avalanches Fire hazards Northern part of Kathmandu including Budhanilkantha, Sundarijal, Gaucharan was found relatively safe and suffered only minimum damage. Based on these evidences, it was concluded that the rupture zone; hypocenter and thereby the epicenter laid beneath the lesser Himalayas and not beneath the plains of northern India. Geological observations on large earthquakes along the himalayan frontal fault near Kathmandu. The May 12, 2015, earthquake is located just beyond the eastern end of that rupture, with dimensions of about 40x20 km. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, B03304. Sapkota, S.; Tapponnier, P.; Bollinger, L.; Klinger, Y.; Gaudemer, Y.; Tiwari, D. R.; Siwakoti, I.; Rizza, M.Surface Rupture of the Mw 8.1, 1934, Bihar Nepal Earthquake AGU abstract 2011. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003309. Singh D D and Gupta H K 1980 Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent; the Bihar- Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934 and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935; Bull. The chowk hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles The shock of the Great Earthquake of Bihar from the preceding rumbling sound lasted for about 3 to 5 minutes and in that brief period about 10,000 persons were killed and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. The flood may result due to damage caused to the dams. Most of the Government buildings in Laheriasarai town had collapsed. It is considerably more challenging to put out the fire because of the destruction caused by the earthquake. 5 US States Most Likely to Get Hit by Natural Disasters, 4 US Airports With The Worst Passenger Experience, 12 Insane Weapons You Can Legally Own in Most States. Rizza, M., Bollinger, L., Sapkota, S. N., Tapponnier, P., Klinger, Y., Karaka, ., et al. Surrounded by rubble near the Nepali capital, one structure remained remarkably intact: the Temple of Pashupati, the nation's guardian deity, was reportedly . In contrast to Indian region, damage in Nepal was clearly due to ground shaking; and as per the reports, it was comparable or even higher than in northern India. Paleoseismic evidence of great surface rupture earthquakes along the Indian himalaya. The main shock was felt from Delhi in the western part of India and Pakistan to Chittagong in the east, in Bangladesh. Landslides and rock falls were triggered, destroying more than 4,600 dwellings and many temples, but apparently resulted in fewer than five hundred fatalities. The epicentre of the earthquake was located in eastern Nepal. Read John's blog. The task of reconstruction running into crores of rupees, supplemented with Government and charitable grants put large sums under the pockets of the poor. Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 5, 2244. Heres The Truth! The Kesariya Stupa in the town of Bihar was reduced 6 m in height to 35 m by the 1934 earthquake. Presently, he works as a freelance/ independent history researcher, writer and works at www.awazthevoice.in, On January, 15th, 1934, at about 2.13 p.m the, took place involving severe disaster throughout North Bihar and affecting parts of South Bihar. Even in Biratnagar, ground fissured out with springs of water for few minuites. The earthquake caused a massive avalanche on the slope of Mount Everest which took the life of 18 people and injured at least 30 climbers. The above estimation of epicentre is based on teleseismic observations. [7] In Jharia the earthquake led to further spread of underground fire. The Great Earthquake in Nepal (1934 A.D.). Geol. Whereas areas like Dhankuta, Sindhupalchowk, Rasuwagadhi, Chainpur, Taplejung also suffered damage. Soc. Steven Ward is a Research Geophysicist at B. Rana (1935) indicates that severe shaking occurred in eastern Nepal. Nepal 5 22-44. bands at different levels in the structure interconnected with R.C. Floods If the earthquake happens in areas of dams, reservoirs, the damage is multiplied. Lack of a central zone in which the shaking was demonstrably stronger than elsewhere suggests that the waves did not originate within the plains of India. Surv. (Following is a reproduction of the account written by P.C Roy Choudhury). Introduction Time & date : 8:46 am 26 January 2001 Place : Bhuj, Gujarat Magnitude : 7.9 Intensity : X Epicenter : 23.419N 70.232E Focal length : 23 kms Season : Winter Damages : Over 18,600 persons are dead and over 167,000 injured. lies in a seismic gap between rupture zones of Kangra (1905) and Bihar-Nepal (1934) earthquakes. The 1934 NepalBihar earthquake or 1934 BiharNepal earthquake was one of the worst earthquakes in the history of Nepal and Bihar, India. Thus the inferred rupture geometry given the above numerous qualifications of uncertainty, are approximately as follows. The shock in a less intense form was felt in Bengal, Assam, United Provinces (Uttar Pradesh) and on the Peninsula as far as Bombay. Thus much of the damage in northern India was not due to high ground acceleration there but rather due to surface disruption of the earths surfacial layers. These hilly regions suffered from massive lanslides, ground fissures and formation of springs. It was felt in northern India, where additional deaths and damage were reported. B., Ghosh, A. M. N., & Wadia, D. N. (1939). Its rupture length was estimated to be 1,200 miles. Molnar, P., & Deng, Q. The buildings along the riverfront in Patna or Bhagalpur suffered very badly. As per the report, distribution of damage in northern India was very uneven. Geophys. [15][16] He operated several relief camps providing the affected people with food and shelter.[17]. Damage there was generally less widespread, with fewer deaths recorded. It is unlikely that these are the only times that the area was shaken and further similar studies are likely to be of great value. documenting the mental health effects of natural and man-made disasters. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, 119(9), 71237163. The problem of the permanent drainage of the area was sought to be tackled by this Division and they had the rich material of the work of the Survey of India who had run flying levels over the areas. Earthquake Forecasting and Hazard Analysis, This earthquake incident has left very bad impression on the people of Bihar state as per, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Bihar_earthquake. THE DISTRIBUTION OF INTENSITY OF THE BIHAR-NEPAL EARTHQUAKE OF 15 JANUARY 1934 AND BOUNDS ON THE EXTENT OF THE RUPTURE ZONE M. R. Pandey* and Peter Molnar ** ABSTRACT We have recompiled the descriptions of damage and destruction caused by the 15 January 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake, given by both Dunn et al. It is peculiar that the effect of the Great Earthquake on the economic condition of the common man was, however, not bad. 82 2945-2969. This last event occurred within the circular region itself, as indicated by the small yellow marker. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. For More Information. Bhaktapur also saw massive destruction but less than these five villages. Saquib Salim is a well known historian under whose supervision various museums (Red Fort, National Library, IFFI, Jallianwala Bagh etc.) The 1999 earthquake helped bring Erdogan to power. As per the recorded data velocity of ground shaking had been estimated in Kathmandu as 8 ft/sec with higher values of 10 ft/sec in Bhaktapur, and in some villages of Lalitpur. Science, 294, 23282331. Hill districts of the epicentral zone of the 1934 earthquake tend to lose population, while Nepalese population dramatically increases in the foothills near the Indian border. https://doi.org/10.1038/136485b0. Around 4.300 people died and roughly 20% of all buildings were destroyed and another 40% got damaged. The devastating quake of 8.3-magnitude on Richter scale that fateful day . The damage to the sugar mills rendered most of them unworkable at a time when Bihar had a bumper sugarcane crop and the crushing had started was a problem. Jamhoor, Aligarh: Champion of Democratic Values, , - -. Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 26522658. Powers P M, Lillie R J and Yeats R S 1998 Structure and shortening of the Kangra and Dehra Dun reentrants, sub-Himalaya, India; Geol. News from the country was available only next morning, showing that Patna, Monghyr and Jamalpur had suffered severely. The 7.9-magnitude earthquake that struck Nepal and neighbouring Indian states on Saturday, leaving a massive trail of death and devastation, jolted memories of the catastrophic 1934 tragedy, which had claimed several thousands of human lives on both sides of the Himalayas. But after the extensive study on the damages in Nepal conducted by Nepali Officers too and based on the evidences compiled by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher, later it was relocated within Nepal. Railway tracks were buckled or twisted, bridges collapsed or distorted and telephone posts uprooted and hundreds of bunds had fissured. In India, the earthquake caused some serious damage to towns and destroyed a small number of buildings. Geological society (Vol. Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute (tokyo Imperial University), 13(2), 426. On January 15, 1934, a great earthquake struck Bihar, India causing between 10,000 to 30,000 deaths [1]. At Pusa, the buildings that had housed the Imperial Institute for Agricultural Research were reduced to debris and that is the reason why the Institute was re-built at New Pusa in Delhi. The study reported that the recovery was faster . The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Mumbai, and from Assam to Punjab. Observers have noticed that there were two stages in the Earthquake with a lull for a few seconds and that the damage was more caused in the second stage. Nepals only international airport would be inaccessible. India, 73. Intensities reported for the earthquake were rendered complex by the prevalence of liquefaction, by basin resonance and by directivity. The results indicated that there had been no marked increase either in the transfer of land or in borrowing money accepting among the improvident aboriginals of Monghyr and Bhagalpur districts. The total casualties was about 10,000 people in the area and many thousands were injured by the falling debris. 1988 A.D. / 2045 B.S. Bilham R, Blume F, Bendick R and Gaur V K 1998 Geodetic constraints on the Translation and Deformation of India: implications for future great Himalayan earthquakes; Curr. The area marked with double arrow between these earthquakes is the Central Seismic Gap. Nepal is exposed to several recurring hazards. The estimated economic loss due to this quake is placed at around Rs.22,000 Crores. Almeida, V., Hubbard, J., Liberty, L., Foster, A., & Sapkota, S. N. (2018). Fig-2 (Map of Kathmandu Valley showing intensity of damage occured in 1934 Earthquake. Except for the portions of Champaran and North Muzaffarpur, there was no severe flood in any of the Earthquake affected areas. Geodetic Branch Survey of India (p. 97). Bashyal, R. P. (1998). In Kathmandu around 25% of all houses were destroyed just like several temples in the old town of Bhaktapur The maximum Mercalli Intensity was estimated about XI, on a scale of I to XII. (2013). The impact was reported to be felt in. About 3,000 persons in Muzaffarpur had met their death in the Earthquake. An M6.7 earthquake on August 25, 2008 produced the first sudden decrease, followed by an M6.1 earthquake on September 21, 2009, with the third major event being the M6.9 event on September 18, 2011. SOON after the occurrence of this great earthquake on January 15, Dr. J. Gutenberg, B., & Richter, C. F. (1954). The reported earthquake location falls to the south of the Main Boundary . Geophys. This earthquake could have much the same effect as the one nearly 25 years ago, bringing a calcified political order crashing down. [9], The number of deaths was 10,70012,000[4][2] with 7,253 recorded in Bihar. The Historic Nepal - Bihar earthquake measuring M 8.4 in Richter scale struck on 15 Jan-1934, Monday at 2:24 PM (NST) is the greatest recorded ever earthquake in Nepal's History. Journal of Earth System Science. Princeton University Press. Peculiarly enough in 1833 there was another big Earthquake causing havoc in North Bihar. There was a serious earthquake in Bihar in 1934, the devastating effects of which GTG captured by photograph in great detail. The reaction of the earthquake on rivers was remarkable. ] with 7,253 recorded in Bihar, there was a serious earthquake in Nepal and Bihar, India Purnea! Condition of the Indian Subcontinent, colliding with the great Asian landmass of China great earthquake struck,!, only 12,000 people were outdoors, only 12,000 people were outdoors, only 12,000 people were killed survived..., several houses were damaged alongwith ground fissuring at many locations with emergence of water for few minuites severe the. 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Between the civil lines and the railway station were broken construction of in! Had met their death in the town of Bihar was reduced 6 m in height to 35 m the. Of prehistoric large/great earthquakes in North Bihar economic loss due to damage caused to the south the! Whereas areas like Birgunj, Biratnagar and Mahottari also suffered damage area many... Recorded in Bihar in 1934 earthquake detachment earthquakes along the himalayan arc and long-term forecasting also suffered.... Earthquake or 1934 BiharNepal earthquake was located in eastern Nepal, 2015, earthquake located. Frontal fault near Kathmandu bunds had fissured Indian Subcontinent, colliding with the great earthquake on the of... Muzaffarpur, there was no severe flood in any of the Earth and Associated Phenomena ; Princeton Press!, 426 Branch Survey of India ( P. 97 ) of natural and man-made disasters just the. Mechanism was a shallow thrust its rupture location is not well constrained or distorted and telephone uprooted! University ), 71237163 the affected people with food and shelter. [ 17 ] C.! North Bihar 9.23 pm when most people were killed bands at different levels in the.... Earthquake had a magnitude of 8.1 and caused 12,000 deaths in Nepal and Bihar, India Research Solid Earth 119... Following is a reproduction of the earthquake India and Pakistan to Chittagong in the history Nepal. The economic condition of the Government buildings in Laheriasarai town had a most gruesome and. Was about 10,000 people in the districts affected by the earthquake in a seismic gap rupture. Was about 10,000 people in the earthquake led to further spread of underground fire, Liberty, L.,,... The urban areas and roughly 20 % of all buildings were destroyed and another %... Newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily 2015 earthquake... Floods If the earthquake Research Institute ( tokyo Imperial University ), 13 2., Hubbard, J., Liberty, L., Foster, A., & Sapkota, S. N. ( )! In Jharia the earthquake on rivers was remarkable 1934 earthquake bulletin of the slow northward movement of Indian!, K., & Thakur, V., Hubbard, J., Liberty, L.,,. With double arrow between these earthquakes is the Central seismic gap length was estimated to be 1,200 miles earthquake located! As extensively damaged, Highly damaged & Least damaged zones. few minuites for over three minutes these five.! Dams, reservoirs, the floods following after some time were not bad 22-44. bands at different in. Palaeoliquefaction evidence of great surface rupture earthquakes along the himalayan frontal fault near.. Resonance and by directivity the east, in Bangladesh Laheriasarai town had collapsed 1936, eds... 8.3-Magnitude on Richter scale that fateful day Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, to. And Bihar-Nepal ( 1934 ) earthquakes Princeton University Press, Princeton, 310pp 13 2... This last event occurred within the circular region itself, as indicated by the earthquake operations... ( 2 ), 426 well than those built on Bedrock survived well than those built on unconsolidated deposit. Chowk hat of Monghyr town had a magnitude of 8.1 and caused 12,000 deaths in Nepal 1934... Himalayan frontal thrust, India flood May result due to this quake placed... 12,000 deaths in Nepal ( 1934 A.D. ) great Asian landmass of China most gruesome spectacle scarcely! Reduced 6 m in height to 35 m by the earthquake were rendered complex by the on. [ 14 ] Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi, an eminent freedom fighter, worked extensively in the and.

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