advantages and disadvantages of the 1988 education reform act

The act was introduced by the New Right and this post starts off by exploring their ideas about education and then covers the specific details of the act itself, before evaluating the impact of 1988 Education Act. /TT1 226 0 R >> endobj /ExtGState << Societies with high rates of education completion have lower crime, better overall health, and civic involvement. << /Parent 2 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 15 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> /StructParents 71 It has stirred up heated responses from supporters of both sides in mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and among overseas Chinese communities with its implications of political ideology and cultural identity. /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> The New Right refers to a set of ideas that emerged in the 1970s. endobj endobj /OCGs [7 0 R] 57 0 obj <> endobj /TT1 121 0 R /TT1 226 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> The one-day forum of presentations and /Contents 288 0 R >> /ExtGState << /Rotate 0 /StructParents 51 /TT1 226 0 R This post has primarily been written forstudents of A-level sociology who are studying the education module in their first year. They are academies . /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 /Properties << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Did the schools market deliver?, which looks back at the 30 years since the passage of the 1988 act. /GS0 125 0 R The 1988 Education Reform Act introduced a National Curriculum, which was a return to traditional subjects similar to the old Grammar school Model. Stories of poor financial management, even corrupt practices, in the independent state school sector persist. >> /Font << >> The Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted) was formed under the Education (Schools) Act 1992, as part of the major overhaul and centralisation of the school system begun by the Education Reform Act 1988, which introduced the National Curriculum, extensive testing in schools and the publication of league tables. >> /Parent 15 0 R /StructParents 64 /Font << /Type /Page /Resources << /TT2 121 0 R /Parent 17 0 R /ExtGState << advantages through choice policies' (1995, p. 21). >> The tripartite system, for example, introduced secondary schooling for all students in 1944. 3 0 obj 47 0 obj >> >> The best schools become oversubscribed often with four or more pupils competing for each place. /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << endobj >> /Font << /Properties <> 69 0 obj /TT1 121 0 R /StructParents 41 /MC0 129 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R << >> The result of this was that some schools became oversubscribed, and these were allowed to select pupils according to certain criteria. endobj /StructParents 81 >> /Font << 100 0 obj endobj >> >> >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] >> endobj Coleman (1992), however, /GS0 125 0 R Marketisation means creating an education market. It is the most significant policy that students need to be able to . 1988 CHAPTER 40. /TT0 120 0 R << /TT1 226 0 R The Tory minister Oliver Letwin once said he would rather beg than send his children there. We use cookies to improve your website experience. 110 0 obj /ExtGState << /TT1 121 0 R /GS0 125 0 R >> >> /Contents 245 0 R /Rotate 0 >> [29th July 1988] BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:- . >> /Annots [160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R 166 0 R 167 0 R 168 0 R 169 0 R /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] Young people want the kudos of entering a profession which is valued by their peers. >> /TT1 121 0 R The idea was that parents would have more choice and control over their children's education. Parent choice and competition had barely registered on the national consciousness. /TT0 120 0 R /Resources << /Resources << /TT0 120 0 R << >> /TT1 226 0 R Meanwhile, there is growing concern about the unintended consequences of high-stakes accountability; off rolling pupils less likely to succeed, teaching to the test, manipulation of the curriculum and small but significant number of orphan schools that none of the new edu-providers want. >> /Resources << /Parent 17 0 R /ExtGState << >> /Font << /Rotate 0 >> 0000001551 00000 n 107 0 obj >> /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] endobj >> /Count 10 << >> >> endobj /Properties << /TT2 121 0 R 27 0 obj 72 0 obj >> However, in recent years, some schools have discontinued their multiage programs due to the grade-level standards and testing requirements imposed by the No Child Left Behind Act and most states' accountability laws. endstream << /TT3 159 0 R /Contents 242 0 R /ExtGState << >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /PageLabels 5 0 R /Parent 15 0 R /Parent 9 0 R /Contents 302 0 R /Properties << A number of education policies and reforms, especially those brought in as part of the 1988 Educational Reform Act, looked to create a market in state education. /Resources << /Rotate 0 The 1988 Conservative Education Reform Act established the National Curriculum, the main advantage as cited in Haralambos & Holborn, (2000), was that it set a consistent standard across the country, in an attempt to promote equality. /TT0 120 0 R /Contents 295 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Type /Page >> The aim of this policy is to raise standards. /Properties << From a Neoliberal and New Right perspective the above is fundamentally flawed logic as it means that successful schools which are attracting more pupils are subsidising worse performing schools and so the 1988 Act required that LEASs hand over their money directly to schools based on pupil numbers (formula funding) which removed the power of LEAs to control local budgets. 0000002642 00000 n /TT1 121 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Rotate 0 /StructParents 61 /MC0 129 0 R The introduction of free market principles into more areas of social life traditionally paid for by taxation (such as education and the health services). /Contents 227 0 R >> >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The act introduced GCSEs and league tables and laid the foundations for our contemporary competitive education system. /TT0 120 0 R /Type /Page 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R /TT0 120 0 R 0000032161 00000 n >> >> >> /Font << /GS0 125 0 R 106 0 obj endobj 64 0 obj /Rotate 0 /Resources << /Resources << /Font << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] An emphasis on individual freedom responsibility (they are against the welfare state). /GS0 125 0 R /Properties << /Type /Page Gerbil - the great education reform bill, as it was known before . >> >> /Rotate 0 /TT2 226 0 R >> 0000004437 00000 n /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] (Read Arne Duncan's Britannica essay on "Education: The Great Equalizer.") By 3 August 1944 the . /TT1 121 0 R /TT1 121 0 R The antics at the Durand Academy, relieved of its funding agreement by the Department for Education, have been well documented and watched closely by neighbouring schools such as like LIlian Baylis. /Contents 235 0 R << By Cyril John Barlongo. /TT2 226 0 R /Type /Page /Parent 11 0 R /StructParents 86 A science class at Lilian Baylis school, which is rated outstanding. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R >> /GS0 125 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /Parent 14 0 R /Font << << /MC0 129 0 R Schools that provide parents and pupils with what they want such as good exam results will thrive. /Properties << /Parent 16 0 R /Type /Page /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj The better performing schools will attract more pupils and more funding and be able to expand. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Resources << The Government aims to make schooling available to everyone with the help of NEP 2020. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << << >> The New Right: Underlying Principles. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] Thirty years on we may be ready for another all-encompassing Education Reform Act. >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Contents 236 0 R >> /StructParents 69 /Type /Page /Properties << /Properties << 0000008485 00000 n /MC0 129 0 R 113 0 obj >> /StructParents 22 96 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 243 0 R >> The New Rights theory was that marketisation would improve efficiency in schools, which should automatically be achieved by making schools more competitive 0 therefore reducing the education budget. Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] because classrooms contain students of all abilities, brighter pupils are held-back as the weaker learners catch-up, a problem critics says grammar schools don't have. /Type /Page /MC0 129 0 R /Parent 10 0 R /Properties << Many of the features of today's education system - from academies to league tables - have their origins in the 1988 Education Reform Act. /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 16 0 R /Properties << /Properties << /StructParents 29 /Resources << To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below: Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content? /MC0 129 0 R /Contents 219 0 R Federal involvement would eliminate the inconsistencies in the system. /Rotate 0 >> /GS0 125 0 R >> /Count 90 >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] 63 0 obj /Font << >> << << Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. /Contents 282 0 R . >> Also, faith schools were allowed to select on the basis of faith. >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 121 0 R /Font << >> endobj endobj /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> To make this word schools have been required to publish a prospectus which includes their examination and test results since 1988. /Type /Page /Parent 3 0 R Those schools that dont perform so well will go out of business and either close down or be taken over by new management who will run things more efficiently. /Resources << /OCProperties << It shows how an informed educational philosophy helps us respond to . /Parent 2 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> /Type /Page /Font << /TT1 121 0 R /ExtGState << /Parent 11 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 17 0 R /StructParents 54 /Next 307 0 R /PieceInfo << /Parent 10 0 R endobj >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Parent 2 0 R >> >> /TT1 121 0 R /TT1 226 0 R >> /Properties << >> /Type /Page /Resources << /Type /Pages /RBGroups [] << >> /TT1 121 0 R /Contents 251 0 R /TT1 121 0 R /StructParents 28 endobj /GS0 125 0 R List of the Pros of Federal Involvement in Education. >> >> << /ExtGState <> /MC0 129 0 R /Properties << /Type /Page /Properties << /Contents 240 0 R /Font << /Contents 290 0 R /Rotate 0 /Resources << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> >> /Contents 296 0 R >> /Contents 246 0 R /TT2 226 0 R 32 0 obj << /StructParents 74 >> /MC0 129 0 R Students might also be interested in this summary of all education policies (up to 2010). /Rotate 0 It has significantly influenced the policies of the UK Conservative Party and is a set of political beliefs about how the country should be run. >> /Properties << >> >> Children can choose schools according to their preferences. endobj /TT1 226 0 R /StructParents 20 endobj 46 0 obj /Properties << 101 0 obj /MC0 129 0 R /TT1 159 0 R /Parent 2 0 R advantages claimed for this legislation (that is, the values underpinning the National Curriculum). >> 114 0 obj /Resources << endobj /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R >> /TT0 120 0 R 109 0 obj /Type /Page /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The logic behind league tables was that with all schools following the same curriculum it made it easier for parents to compare and choose between schools (parentocracy), and GCSE and SATs meant every student, and more importantly, every school was assessed using the same type of exam. Following ARE THE Advantaged and Disadvantaged of New Education Policy 2020. >> /Rotate 0 /Contents 130 0 R 1965-1980: Promoting Equity in Access to Educational Opportunities 1981-1988: The Push for Educational Excellence 1989-1992: The Rise of Standards-Based Reform 0000000994 00000 n The biggest of these changes were the 'marketisation' of education and the introduction of the 'new vocationalism', which . /Resources << endobj /XObject << endobj /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R << /ExtGState << >> /Parent 17 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 58 /GS0 125 0 R >> /Parent 11 0 R /Resources << /Resources << /Resources <> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 12 0 R >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /Font << /Parent 12 0 R /Parent 17 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ExtGState << /TT2 226 0 R Which type of school you ended up attending was decided by the 11+ examination, as ever this process had its advantages as well as its disadvantages: Advantages the brightest 15% - 20% went to grammar schools meaning 80 0 obj /Properties << /Font << 0000035224 00000 n /ExtGState << /Contents 306 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << The debate on traditional Chinese characters and simplified Chinese characters is an ongoing dispute concerning Chinese orthography among users of Chinese characters. >> >> It was this that then set the scene for successful schools to be able to expand and failing schools to collapse (and, following further policy changes later on under New Labour and other successive governments) to be taken over by successful schools. 0000033023 00000 n /LastModified (D:20040616154335) /Rotate 0 4.5 / 5 based on 2 ratings? >> /Type /Pages /TT1 121 0 R >> 50 0 obj >> /Rotate 0 >> >> Open Enrolment is where parents are allowed to select multiple schools to send their children too, but only specifying one as their first choice. /StructParents 12 /StructParents 31 << 82 0 obj charts developments since the 1988 Act and calls for a Royal Commission to undertake a root-and-branch investigation into the politicisation of education. /Contents 305 0 R /Properties << /Properties << How do I view content? << << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 10 An Act to amend the law relating to education. /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /MC0 129 0 R >> Back in 1988 these League Tables were only available as government publications and in schools prospectuses, but obviously today these have evolved so that they are now searchable for any school online!League Tables today, accessible online! /GS0 125 0 R /Type /Page /TT1 226 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /GS0 125 0 R /Resources << /Type /Page >> /Resources << Educational disadvantage is demonstrated in many ways, most often in poor levels of participation and achievement in the . /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Rotate 0 /Properties << /ExtGState << >> /Contents 278 0 R 41 0 obj 20 0 obj >> /Rotate 0 /Count 10 89 0 obj 73 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Font << /Rotate 0 >> Pros Explained. /Type /Page /TT2 159 0 R /Contents 269 0 R /Font << /Usage << /Properties << /Parent 13 0 R /GS0 125 0 R . /Properties << Government healthcare refers to government funding of healthcare services via direct payments to doctors, hospitals, and other providers. /TT0 120 0 R /StructParents 11 /MC0 129 0 R /TT3 121 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT0 120 0 R /TT2 226 0 R /Type /Pages >> >> The 1988 reforms played an unambiguous role in that improvement, says Phillips: They shone a spotlight on schools failing young people like this one.. >> >> << /Properties << /Resources << /TT2 226 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /TT1 226 0 R /TT0 120 0 R >> >> /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] >> /TT0 120 0 R >> /Contents 255 0 R It is the most significant policy that students need to be able to understand and evaluate within the education module for A-level sociology. /Resources << 85 0 obj 0000006512 00000 n /Parent 15 0 R >> endobj 0000010001 00000 n /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /Resources << >> /TT0 120 0 R /Contents 224 0 R endobj /TT1 226 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /TT2 226 0 R /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R /Properties << All that changed 30 years ago this summer with the introduction of the 1988 Education Reform Act, a huge piece of legislation that introduced the national curriculum and the idea of diversity and a schools market in which parents would vote with their feet, in theory encouraging the best schools to expand and the worst to improve or close. /Resources << endobj /S /D /Font << /TT1 226 0 R /MC0 129 0 R >> The ERA - known as the Butler Act - celebrated 30 years of being on the statute books in July 2018. >> /MC0 129 0 R We considered a variety of . /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> This will take effect in 2009. /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Font << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /TT3 121 0 R /Resources << >> 90 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 89 stream /TT0 120 0 R /Title /Type /Pages >> /Properties << /Rotate 0 >> The education reform movement as we have known it is over. /GS0 125 0 R /StructParents 77 /Parent 16 0 R 99 0 obj endstream endobj 58 0 obj < :>x)/P -44/R 2/U($AA;KSE)/V 1>> endobj 59 0 obj <> endobj 60 0 obj <> endobj 61 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>/ExtGState<>>> endobj 62 0 obj <> endobj 63 0 obj <> endobj 64 0 obj <> endobj 65 0 obj [/ICCBased 83 0 R] endobj 66 0 obj [/Separation/PANTONE#20Red#20032#20C 65 0 R 84 0 R] endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <> endobj 69 0 obj <. /MC0 129 0 R /D << 14 0 obj << /Count 78 /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] << /CropBox [0 0 595 842] >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] The League Tables give no indication of the wider social good a school is doing beyond getting students results. 94 0 obj Better local oversight of schools and stronger incentives for local collaboration, rather than national chains cherry picking little groups of schools, would be Phillips priorities. >> /TT0 120 0 R >> << /TT0 120 0 R 19 0 obj 806 8067 22 /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /StructParents 15 /Contents 272 0 R /Parent 16 0 R /Rotate 0 /TT2 226 0 R /Rotate 0 >> /TT2 226 0 R << /TT2 159 0 R endobj /TT0 120 0 R /Rotate 0 >> /Rotate 0 /Parent 10 0 R /TT0 120 0 R endobj >> /ExtGState <> >> Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE, Advantages & disadvantages of The education reform act 1988. /TT1 121 0 R /TT0 120 0 R Three types of schools were established by 1944 Education Act - grammar schools; technical schools and secondary modern schools. - Encourages schools to compete and raise standards, - The more pupils, the more funding given to the school (FORMULA FUNDING), - Inequality widens between better performing schools in middle class areas and working class areas. /StructParents 48 /Parent 15 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /Contents 230 0 R Today it is outstanding on every count, oversubscribed and achieving impressive results with a diverse intake. /Font << /Font << /StructParents 21 Education Reform Act 1988 Learning Objectives: To understand the main changes that occurred in 1988 29. 61 0 obj /Title /TT3 159 0 R /Properties << endobj /TT0 120 0 R /TT0 120 0 R /MC0 129 0 R /GS0 125 0 R endobj This act is the major policy change of the last 50 years in British education, and associated with the ideas of the New Right. /GS0 125 0 R /ExtGState << << /Parent 17 0 R >> /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /TT1 226 0 R >> /Font << When Gary Phillips started his career as a young teacher, the education world was a radically different place. /TT2 226 0 R This benefits special education students and general education students alike. >> /TT1 121 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Resources << /TT1 121 0 R >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Contents 253 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 267 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] << The Education Reform Act is then explored with reference to the revised correspondence principle. /TT2 121 0 R 95 0 obj << >> /Kids [82 0 R 83 0 R 84 0 R 85 0 R 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R] >> >> >> >> /Resources <> The Best For My Child. >> /MC0 129 0 R /Font << /TT0 120 0 R The 1988 reform act led to league tables and the schools market plus back-door selection and even corruption, School market supporters argue the case for the defence. /MediaBox [0 0 595 842] /Parent 13 0 R /Parent 15 0 R The schools at the bottom turn into, More testing means more negative labelling for those who fail, Schools put more effort into teaching those in the top sets to improve their A-C rates. Access to better education. Just a note: pretty sure Ofsted was formed under the Education (Schools) Act in 1992 so technically not included in the ERA in 1988. so helpful for my sociology revision! /Properties << /TT0 120 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /Contents 252 0 R << %%EOF /CropBox [0 0 595 842] /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R /GS0 125 0 R % 90 0 obj <>stream /Rotate 0 >> Probably the strongest piece of supporting evidence for the New Rights policies on education is that they have worked to improve GCSE results nearly every year for the last 30 years. /StructParents 17 << /Resources << /Resources << /GS0 125 0 R >> >> /Type /Page 0000002006 00000 n >> 102 0 obj /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /StructParents 25 >> Gage, N.L. /Contents 238 0 R /Properties < < /ExtGState < < < /cropbox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /StructParents 10 an Act to the! System, for example, introduced secondary schooling for all students in 1944 to be able to funding of services... 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