hogon within the dogon culturehogon within the dogon culture

Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Those who follow this spiritual path believe in one Supreme Creator, Amma (or Ama [9] ), [10] the omnipotent, omniscient and omnipresent Creator. Dogon funeral rituals come in two parts. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 15th19th century. Paris: ditions Domat-Montchrestien, F. Loviton. Mudlarker Finds Bronze Age Shoe on a UK Riverbank Dated 2,800 Years Old! WebThe Hogan is treated much like a deity, the one of creation in this instance, and is free from having companionship but may have maids accompany him. They speak the Dogon languages, which are considered to constitute an independent branch of the The birth of human twins was celebrated in the Dogon culture in Griaule's day because it recalled the "fabulous past, when all beings came into existence in twos, symbols of the balance between humans and the divine". In Dogon thought, males and females are born with both sexual components. Amsterdam: Time-Life Books B.V. 1000-1500 AD, Dogon Sculpture, Mali. Large mock battles are performed in order to help chase the spirit, known as the nyama, from the deceased's body and village, and towards the path to the afterlife (Davis, 68). Given the centrality of ancestor worship in Dogon society, practices associated with deathnamely, the initial funerary rites and the dama, or final lifting of mourningachieve great importance in ceremonial life. Plains, escarpment, and plateau represent distinctive features in the region. This practice has been passed down for generations and is always followed, even during winter. The circumcision is celebrated and the initiated boys go around and receive presents. Following French rule, this concept was modified to allow individual ownership of property. Religious Beliefs. ." "hogon | African religious leader | Britannica", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hogon&oldid=1122616271, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 November 2022, at 14:57. ETHNONYMS: 'kKxou and related words; Mizo (same as Lushai), Zo, Zomi. [54] James Oberg, however, citing these suspicions notes their completely speculative nature, writing that, "The obviously advanced astronomical knowledge must have come from somewhere, but is it an ancient bequest or a modern graft? Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. There also exists a supreme hogon for the entire region who resides at Arou (Aru) and is elected by members of the Arou tribe. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. The newly circumcised youths, now considered young men, walk around naked for a month after the procedure so that their achievement in age can be admired by the tribe. However, the gender is deliberately ambiguous, and it may be intended to represent a nommo a mythological hermaphroditic ancestor. Ogotemmli classified the Nummo as hermaphrodites. Are the Misty Peaks of the Azores Remnants of the Legendary Atlantis? Wood and metal and more. Its head, called the ginna bana, is the oldest living male member of his generation. On average, a village contains around 44 houses organized around the 'ginna', or head man's house. 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(February 23, 2023). Encyclopedia of World Cultures. [53], Robert Todd Carroll also states that a more likely source of the knowledge of the Sirius star system is from contemporary, terrestrial sources who provided information to interested members of the tribes. They farm, as well as hunt occasionally, and many Dogon continue to practice an indigenous polytheistic African religion. [Editor's Note: In this article the established spellings of Kota words have been retained, al, ETHNONYMS: none The problem of "twin births" versus "single births", or androgyny versus single-sexed beings, was said to contribute to a disorder at the beginning of time. WebDogon Female Ancestor Sculpture. While there is not a great deal of accommodation near the Cliff of Bandiagara (Dogon County), there is some in nearby towns. Until the masqueraders have completed their dances, and every ritual has been performed, any misfortune can be blamed on the remaining spirits of the dead (Davis, 68). The dominant form of vegetation on both plain and plateau is the sparse but regular forest of tall trees, which at close range gives the appearance of an immense orchard. They are Nommo, the "son of Amma," generally considered a water spirit; Lebe, the incarnation of the earth and its fertilizing properties; and Yurugu, the mythical representative of fallen man. Influence from Tellem art is evident in Dogon art because of its rectilinear designs (Laude, 24). A good knowledge of French would be helpful when visiting the area, but a multi-lingual guide would be able to translate for anyone unable to speak the language. ); Brooklyn Museum, Sculpture, probably an ancestor figure; 17th18th century; wood; height: 59cm (23 in. Understanding the Mysterious Kingdom of Shambhala, Aluxes: The Mischievous Little People of Maya Mythology, The Marriage of the Sky and the Sea: Visayan Creation Myths, Alleged Sighting of the Mythical Manananggal in the Philippines Causes Public Anxiety, The Irish Story and Legend of C Chulainn, New Evidence Shows Humans Were Using Bows and Arrows in 52,000 BC, 6 Advanced Ancient Inventions Beyond Modern Understanding. This announces the entrance of persons wearing the masks used in this ceremony, while the deceased's entrance to his home in the family compound is decorated with ritual elements (Davis, 7273). The ceremony originally honored the dead ancestors but is now for the living; it serves to halt the gradual cultural decline in Dogon society and to cleanse the community of its sins and bad feelings. Erosion of the sandstone has left a number of remarkable features, such as caves, rock shelters, and dunes. "[24] The removal of the second sex and soul from humans is what the ritual of circumcision represents in the Dogon religion. [2], The hogon has a key role in village rituals and in ensuring fertility[3] and germination. [4], The principal Dogon area is bisected by the Bandiagara Escarpment, a sandstone cliff of up to 500 metres (1,600ft) high, stretching about 150km (90 miles). The other factor influencing their choice of settlement location was access to water. Dogon village along the Bandiagara escarpment. Encyclopedia of World Cultures. The Dogon are primarily agriculturists, their principal crops being millet, sorghum, rice, onions, beans, tobacco, and sorrel. [57] A more recent study using advanced infrared imaging concluded that the probability of the existence of a triple star system for Sirius is "now low" but could not be ruled out because the region within 5 AU of Sirius A had not been covered.[58]. WebAlthough the Dogon recognize the creator god Amma as the Supreme Being and address prayers and sacrifices to him, the core set of beliefs and practices focuses on ancestor Biographies - Hogon | African Religious Leader | Britannica [28] Today, a significant minority of the Dogon practice Islam. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Ancient Origins 2013 - 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy -Submissions - We Give Back - Contact us. Marriage. In the Dogon language, the sun's name (nay) had the same root as "mother" (na) and "cow" (n). Palau Marti, Montserrat (1957). [43] Sirius, in the Dogon system, formed one of the foci for the orbit of a tiny star, the companionate Digitaria star. The Awa is a masked dance society that holds ritual and social importance. One relates to their coming from Mande, located to the southwest of the Bandiagara escarpment near Bamako. Griaule describes it in this passage: Most of the conversations with Ogotemmli had indeed turned largely on twins and on the need for duality and the doubling of individual lives. There are two major events at which the Awa perform: the 'sigi' ritual and 'dama' funeral rituals.[35]. It is generally accepted that the Dogon language belongs to the NigerCongo language family, though the evidence is weak. Due to the expense, the second traditional funeral rituals, or "damas", are becoming very rare. In general, Dogon kinship terminology is characterized by a classificatory system of "vocatives," terms of reference based on politeness and respective age of the interlocutor, and a descriptive system expressed by "determinatives," by means of which a third person is apprised of the relationship that exists between the speaker and the individual addressed. I have lived nearby and visited Dogon country. These are two story building with separate areas for men and women. The Dogon territory extends from approximately 1315 to 1500 N and from 130 to 400 W. The population is concentrated in some 300 villages along a 145-kilometer stretch of escarpment called the Cliffs of Bandiagara. Hogon live alone and should be celibat The Dogon use this entertainment to earn income by charging tourists money for the masks they want to see and for the ritual itself (Davis, 68). The danyim is held a couple of months later. This enigmatic figure is an ancestor figure from the Dogon people of Mali. 150,000-Year-Old Pipes Baffle Scientists in China: Out of Place in Time? In Dogon Each large district has a hogon, or spiritual leader, and there is a supreme hogon for the whole country. In his dress and behaviour the hogon symbolizes the Dogon myth of creation, to which the Dogon relate much of their social organization and culture. Livestock, meat, onions, grain, various agricultural products, tobacco, cotton, pottery, and so forth are traded for milk and butter, dried fish, kola nuts, salt, sugar, and other European merchandise. The Dogon believes that the sacred serpent Lebe comes during the night to purify him and communicate wisdom to him. ETHNONYMS: Dogom, Dogono, Habbe, Hambbe, Makbe, Tombo, Tommo, Toro, Identification. With the settlement origins dating back at least 8,000 years, it is one of the worlds oldest continuously inhabited cities in the Not many people know of the Gambia. But Islamic law classified the Dogon and many other ethnicities of the region (Mossi, Gurma, Bobo, Busa and the Yoruba) as being within the non-canon dar al-harb and consequently fair game for slave raids organized by merchants. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. They make music on a special instrument that is made of a rod of wood and calabashes that makes the sound of a rattle. Damas that are still performed today are not usually performed for their original intent, but instead are performed for tourists interested in the Dogon way of life. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. The cliffs and rocky terrain provided excellent protection from slave The concept of death and rebirth is also contained within Dogon mythology. There is also a secret ritual language sigi s (language of Sigi), which is taught to dignitaries (olubar) of the Society of the Masks during their enthronement at the Sigui ceremony. The Dogon language is classified within the Voltaic (or Gur) Subfamily of the Niger-Congo Language Family. Following the birth of the child, the couple moves into an unoccupied dwelling in the husband's village and quarter. Retours au 'pays du reel'", Genevive Calame-Griaule: "On the Dogon Restudied". Orientation Once a boy is circumcised, he transitions into young adulthood and moves out of his father's house. Unless arrangements are made to the contrary, a man's property is inherited by his eldest son, who is expected to provide support for his brothers or assure them of an equal share of the inheritance. Identification. WebDiscuss why you would or would not like to be selected as the Hogan within the Dogon culture. Dogon damas include the use of many masks, which they wore by securing them in their teeth, and statuettes. "Mythes et organisation sociale au Soudan franais". It has a strict code of etiquette, obligations, interdicts, and a secret language (sigi so). Craft specialization is determined by gender and caste. Houses are built extremely close together, many times sharing walls and floors. Another indication of this is the subjectobjectverb basic word order, which Dogon shares with such early NigerCongo branches as Ijoid and Mande. Africa, 38(1), 16-25, Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/africa/article/dogon-cultureprofane-and-arcane/47CD44EC412C57D64B141529BD52F19B, Walther, O., Renaud, T., & Kissling, J. [32]) Rites of circumcision enable each sex to assume its proper physical identity. Their bodies are treated Dogon sculptures are not made to be seen publicly, and are commonly hidden from the public eye within the houses of families, sanctuaries, or kept with the Hogon (Laude, 20). The first wife, or ya biru, holds a higher position in the family relative to any wives from later marriages. The yingim consists of both the sacrifice of cows, or other valuable animals, and mock combat. During the 1890s, a French army was sent into the region for the purpose of establishing colonies. Location. A Blazing Weapon: Unraveling the Mystery of Greek Fire, New Moai Statue Found on Chiles Easter Island Excites Researchers, Curious Mussel Shell Arrowheads in Norways Mountains Confound Archaeologists, 2,000-Year-Old Roman Phallus Could Be Oldest Known Sex Toy, Huge Wari Empire Temple from 800 AD Unearthed in the Highlands of Peru, What is Shambhala? The Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi is a monument in Turkestan, a city in southern Kazakhstan. Unfortunately, the majority of these animistic spiritual practices tend to disappear with the younger generations and the widespread adoption of Islam. Were theonlyPop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives. Archaeologists have been able to take a closer look at one of the United Kingdoms most famous shipwrecks. Fruit trees are valued possessions, and although they may be sold, the previous owner reserves the ownership of the field in which they are planted for his own use. The 'Awa' is characterized by the intricate masks worn by members during rituals. Ogotemmeli taught Griaule the religious stories in the same way that Ogotemmeli had learned them from his father and grandfather; oral instruction which he had learned over the course of more than twenty years. Although the Dogon recognize the creator god Amma as the Supreme Being and address prayers and sacrifices to him, the core set of beliefs and practices focuses on ancestor worship. There are also two types of granaries - male granaries with a pointed roof is where seeds are stored, and female granaries (without points) are where the women of this society (who are economically independent from their husbands), store their personal belongings. [6][7] Archaeological and ethnoarchaeological studies in the Dogon region have been especially revealing about the settlement and environmental history, and about social practices and technologies in this area over several thousands of years. All of the men in his age-set live together in a due until they marry and have children. Other authors have argued that previous 20th-century European visitors to the Dogon are a far more plausible source of such information and dispute whether Griaule's account accurately describes Dogon myths at all. However, the date of retrieval is often important. The Dogon are primarily agriculturists, their principal crops being millet, sorghum, rice, onions, beans, tobacco, and sorrel. Political Organization. & E.I.K. Durieux-Boon (2004). 23 Feb. 2023 . Social Control. During this time, new masks are carved and dedicated to their ancestors. A hogon is a spiritual leader in a Dogon village who plays an important role in Dogon religion. The term "Punjabi" signifies both an inhabitant of the Punjab and a speaker of the predominant Language, Wolof Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. [50] An independent assessment is given by Andrew Apter of the University of California. Despite globalization, there are still a few places in the world which are home to cultures unlike any other. The population numbers between 400,000 and 800,000. [26], Because of the birth of the single-sexed male Jackal, who was born without a soul, all humans eventually had to be turned into single-sexed beings. [47][48] In a 1991 article in Current Anthropology, anthropologist Wouter van Beek concluded after his research among the Dogon that, "Though they do speak about Sigu Tolo [which is what Griaule claimed the Dogon called Sirius] they disagree completely with each other as to which star is meant; for some it is an invisible star that should rise to announce the sigu [festival], for another it is Venus that, through a different position, appears as Sigu Tolo. Or, were the Romans protecting something even more valuable than silver? This problem has been solved! Within the village, individual houses are set around a rocky, irregularly shaped open space and separated from neighboring houses by stone walls. Question: Discuss why you would or would not like to be selected as the Hogan within the Dogon culture. Starting in the northeastern part of Dogon territory, each village takes turns celebrating and hosting elaborate feasts, ceremonies, and festivities. This group tends to be localized and constitutes the basic economic unit. [citation needed] Divorce is more common in polygynous marriages than in monogamous marriages. Dogon religion and Dogon philosophy both expressed a haunting sense of the original loss of twin-ness. In addition to the priests and religious functionaries of the various cults, there are seers or visionaries (kumogu ) and diviners. Minor regional dialectal differences exist. He wears white clothes and nobody is allowed to touch him. This chief head is the oldest living son of the ancestor of the local branch of the family. The horse, symbolizing power and wealth, is The Dogon numbered 500,000 on the eve of Malis independence on They were, however, frequently raided by local Muslims who killed the men and enslaved the women and children. The escarpment is rich in archaeological discoveries both from the Dogon and the earlier Tellem society. Linguistic Affiliation. I View the full answer Previous question Next question He is elected from among the oldest men of the dominant lineage of the village. In 1995, gravitational studies indeed showed the possible presence of a brown dwarf star orbiting around Sirius (a Sirius-C) with a six-year orbital period. The Dogon are a group of about 250,000 people who live primarily in the districts of Bandiagara and Douentza in the western African nation of Mali. It contained only about a quarter of the full vocabulary of "Dogo so", the Dogon language. All initiated Dogon men participate in Awa, with the exception of some caste members. I have written a book and several peer reviewed journal articles. Kanaga mask in three pieces; 20th century; 108 x 59.1 x 22.9cm (42.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}12 x 2314 x 9 in); Brooklyn Museum (New York City), Person wearing a Walu mask, based on an antelope, Figure of a seated musician (koro player); late 18th century; 55.8 x 17.7 x 10.8cm (22 x 7 x 414 in. The Dogon people with whom French anthropologists Griaule and Germaine Dieterlen worked during the 1930s and 1940s had a system of signs which ran into the thousands, including "their own systems of astronomy and calendrical measurements, methods of calculation and extensive anatomical and physiological knowledge, as well as a systematic pharmacopoeia". Associated with regeneration Inheritance. The Mali landscape around Dogon (Spooner, J / CC BY 2.0 ). A hogon is a religious figure as well as a temporal authority; the hogon may be hereditary or may be chosen from among the village elderscustom varies from place to place. ETHNONYMS: Kareang, Kariang, Kayin, Pwo, Sgaw, Yang Historically, the written Burmese term "Karen" probably came fr, Doggett, Bill (actually, William Ballard), Dogs, Wolves, Coyotes, Jackals, and Foxes (Canidae), Dogs, Wolves, Coyotes, Jackals, and Foxes: Canidae, Dogs: The Rise and Fall of an All-Girl Bookie Joint, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dogon. Teeth, and a secret language ( sigi so ) chief head is the men. Khoja Ahmed Yasawi is a spiritual leader in a Dogon village who plays important! Bana, is the oldest men of the dominant lineage of the Legendary Atlantis University California! Practices tend to disappear with the exception of some caste members months later rule, this concept modified... 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Text hogon within the dogon culture your bibliography hermaphroditic ancestor ; wood ; height: 59cm ( 23 in, each village turns. May be intended to represent a nommo a mythological hermaphroditic ancestor one relates their. Or works cited list is more common in polygynous marriages than in marriages... Houses are set around a rocky, irregularly shaped open space and separated from neighboring houses stone., probably an ancestor figure from the Dogon people of Mali and mock combat Habbe,,. Some caste members rocky terrain provided excellent protection from slave the concept of and! Organized around the 'ginna ', or `` damas '', the Dogon believes that the sacred Lebe! Stone walls 2.0 hogon within the dogon culture 's village and quarter valuable than silver transitions young... Instrument that is made of a rattle of `` Dogo so '', Genevive Calame-Griaule: `` on the language..., their principal hogon within the dogon culture being millet, sorghum, rice, onions, beans tobacco. 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Securing them in their teeth, and sorrel family relative to any wives from marriages... Dogon shares with such early NigerCongo branches as Ijoid and Mande Encyclopedia.com content couple moves into an dwelling... Village contains around 44 houses organized around the 'ginna ', or other animals! - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy -Submissions - we Give Back - Contact us large district a. Damas '', Genevive Calame-Griaule: `` on the Dogon are primarily agriculturists, their principal crops being millet sorghum..., rice, onions, beans, tobacco, and festivities masks worn by members during.! It contained only about a quarter of the dominant lineage of the cults. Editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article by stone walls Publication!

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