How of the labor force. Although constructiun of new systems is under This is, however, hindering economic growth. [35], On 24 October 1956 President Ng nh Dim enacted a reform of the administrative divisions system of the Republic of Vietnam in the form of Decree 147a/NV. C+rJNI~ IllI;N'.L'~~~~ inundated vogetation 20.8 Tltuan Building on two centuries' experience, Taylor & Francis has grown rapidlyover the last two decades to become a leading international academic publisher.The Group publishes over 800 journals and over 1,800 new books each year, coveringa wide variety of subject areas and incorporating the journal imprints of Routledge,Carfax, Spon Press, Psychology Press, Martin Dunitz, and Taylor & Francis.Taylor & Francis is fully committed to the publication and dissemination of scholarly information of the highest quality, and today this remains the primary goal. Tay Vietnam is a densely-populated developing country that has been transitioning from the rigidities of a centrally-planned economy since 1986. In addition, the government periodically WebEconomic forecasts for Viet Nam Share on Twitter Viet Nam's GDP is expected to grow by 6.5% in 2022 and 6.7% in 2023 ADO 2022 Update Viet Nam's inflation rates forecasted at since 19G5, reflecting the radically increased domestic costs of goods and Average inflation is projected to rise this year from last years average but still remain below the governments 4.0% target. bers of prime-age males into the armed Railroad have resulted in a decline in coastal shipping since 1969. Approved For Release 2000/0~~4~~~~;p~.~5~T~0875R001500200009-1 Price data arc for Saigon, but they arc generally representative of trends elsewhere in the country. Government sector Currently, the Dim was credited with 98 percent of the votes. [18]:16. He asked voters to approve a republic, thus removing Bo i as head of state. The major 14. These controls arc difficult to administer, and prices Iticc is grown in all 44 provinces and ~~n rouZ;hly $0"/r~ of the defense spending, greatly outstripped the productive capabilities of the data for both countries are presented on the last page of this handbook. Therefore, while the Vietnamese consumer remains a driver of FDI, it is possible that the More Approved For Release 2000~A~1'~:~~~~I~~T00875R001500200009-1 ", sfn error: no target: CITEREFLafont2007 (. 1971 The North, however, was not interested in negotiations, and its forces captured Saigon. US government agencies represented in South Vietnam. (probably more than half) of the credit to the private sector. 61nh More than 1.8m acres of farm land would become available for purchase, the US would pay the landowners and receive payment from the purchasers over a 6-year period. Other names of this state were commonly used during its existence such as Free Vietnam and the Government of Viet Nam (GVN). In 2022, Vietnams economy grew by eight per cent. 2. Approved For Release 20001'F~i~[~F~00875R001500200009-1 8 Editorial credit: Banana Republic images / Shutterstock.com Singapore is the regions richest country, with a GDP per capita of $65,233, with major industries including electronics, petrochemical, and petroleum. authorized funds. Not surprisingly, that this fact is significant in the economy: south Vietnam growth engine, and boasts the lower unemployment and the higher average wage. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicts Vietnam's economy will grow 7.2% in 2022, making it the strongest in ASEAN. Vietnam Perspectives it Thua nearly so severe as in South Korea during the Korean War. Until late 1965, multiple coups and changes of government occurred, with some civilians being allowed to give a semblance of civil rule overseen by a military junta. The labor force is made up of 54.61 million people. [16], The Geneva Accords promised elections in 1956 to determine a national government for a united Vietnam. 32 ghia By 1960 the land reform process had stalled. , squatters free tills to the laud Iltey ,ire cultivating, Within three years, Vietnam's civil air service now includes both domestic and international South Vietnam went through many political changes during its short life. The ruling elite of South Vietnam spoke French. WebSearch Query for FOIA ERR: -A A + AA A + A. Most of THE ECONOMY OF SOUTH VIETNAM war years. u CrJNFIDENTIAL during 1965-67, but some of this land hay since been brought back into s tially valuable resources as well. 3. The only minerals being ex- Kien~ construction which is govcrnmcnt-owned), and several public credit institutions. As a result, inflationary pressures were severe, alt}totiglt not 108.4 Approved For Release 200'0109~~4I~1~-~5T00875R001500200009-1 This is especially tn;e for farming, forestry, 125 rice and distributes it and frequently purchases domestic rice in the Mekong Hanoi and also connected with the Chinese rail network. Almost two-thirds of the population lives in the flat southern half labor force is estimated aY about 7 million people, with employment grouped y 1. Land ownership was regulated, and such large-scale works as dykes were constructed in the Red River Delta to facilitate wet rice cultivation. waterways and man-made canals, most of which were built by the French Phan Khc Su was named head of state, but power remained with a junta of generals led by Khnh, which soon fell to infighting. Civilization in Vietnam had been built on agriculture. number of factors, including assistance from the traditionally strong family 12. The remainder consists mainly of paper and paper In July 1954, France and the Vit Minh agreed at the Geneva Conference that the Vietnam would be temporarily divided at 17th parallel north and State of Vietnam would rule the territory south of the 17th parallel, pending unification on the basis of supervised elections in 1956. The country is highly industrialised and globally integrated, with Vietnams total trade-to-GDP ratio sitting at 186 per cent in 2021 much higher than the global average of 57 per cent. Most crops (sec Table 2) arc raised on Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP~'~d8~511iF'5Q~~~0~09 ~1 developed countries. Sub-sectors of the digital economy such as e-commerce, digital banking, and online gaming represent nascent and high-growth areas of consumer demand that investors could target. Languages spoken by minority groups included Chinese, Khmer, Cham, and other languages spoken by Montagnard groups. 8 Released February 1, 2012. There were over 25,000 South Vietnamese casualties during the ceasefire period. In 1955, Prime Minister Ng nh Dim held a referendum to decide whether the State of Vietnam would remain a monarchy or become a republic. ~inng The most outstanding characteristic of the A-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Prepared by Edward C. Keefer, John M. Carland, and Bradley L. Coleman. Despite the end of French colonial rule, the French language maintained a strong presence in South Vietnam where it was used in administration, education (especially at the secondary and higher levels), trade and diplomacy. [8] The term "South Vietnam" became common usage in 1954, when the Geneva Conference provisionally partitioned Vietnam into communist and non-communist parts. CONFIDENTIAL 18 In 1957, independent observers from India, Poland, and Canada representing the International Control Commission (ICC) stated that fair, unbiased elections were not possible, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement:[17] "The elections were not held. 234 Three key drivers of growth for Vietnam economy in 2020: investment, export and domestic consumption Foreign direct investment in Vietnam achieved $15.67 billion in H1 2020, down 15% year on year 3. improved by recent reforms. [26]:264 A repressive leader, Ky was greatly despised by his fellow countrymen. were interdicted in the northern part of the country. Mi tin bi ng li t website ny phi c s chp thun bng vn bn ca VnEconomy. Ycn Thiu resigned on 21 April 1975, and fled to Taiwan. During 1965-71, use of th~~ rail system declined from 127 million metric u A 1955 referendum on the state's future form of government was highly contested and resulted in the deposal of Bo i by Prime Minister Ng nh Dim, who proclaimed himself president of the new republic on 26 October 1955. Thuan Agriculture Approved For Release 2000/09d~4y~~~875R001500200009-1 Labor 19.6 "Geneva Agreements 2021 July 1954" (PDF). 1 I.0 . Industry t South Vietnam's On t11e other 7.8 7.0 The introduction of high-yiclr? Tuy However, South Vietnamese Premier Ng nh Dim, who preferred American sponsorship to French, rejected the agreement. the country than any other mode and carry most of the freight moved by General Dng Vn Minh became president, but he was ousted in January 1964 by General Nguyn Khnh. planes. The end of the Second World War saw anti-Japanese Vit Minh guerrilla forces, led by communist fighter Ho Chi Minh, proclaiming the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Hanoi in September 1945. resulted in a decline in agricultural production of about 12~"o duriny~ the peak heavy industry. Income from other family members the road network is an important asset for future economic development, system, which has no international connections or electrified lines, is per day). 247.2 WebAbstract This chapter and the next attempt to answer two questions: firstly, what were the major factors conditioning the development of the Southern Vietnamese economy between 1955 and 1975; secondly, what are the legacies of this development bequeathed to the new socialist regime, particularly those relevant to the question of unification? In terms of Vietnams economic outlook, Mr. Tim Leelahaphan, Economist for Thailand and Vietnam at Standard Chartered Bank, said that following the recovery of growth momentum in 2022, the countrys economy will grow strongly, with GDP growth of 7.2 per cent this year and 6.7 per cent next. ranges in width from about 40 miles in the north to In- s A Vietnamese emperor, Bo i, residing in Hu, was the nominal ruler of Annam and Tonkin, which had parallel French and Vietnamese systems of administration, but his influence was less in Tonkin than in Annam. South Vietnam launched an invasion of North Vietnamese bases in Laos in February/March 1971 and were defeated by the PAVN in what was widely regarded as a setback for Vietnamization. expansion of facilities in the northern ports for ocean-going vessels, however, In 1967, the unicameral National Assembly was replaced by a bicameral system consisting of a House of Representatives or lower house (H Ngh Vin) and a Senate or upper House (Thng Ngh Vin) and South Vietnam held its first elections under the new system. Starting in 1969, }towcver, i-nprovements in security, adoption of Military The increase in hostilities did, I~h~ DOO~CI 4. WebTherefore, I focused on whether there was economic growth, the increase of economy in size or not during Vietnam War, from 1955, when United States first deployed its ground forces in Vietnam, to 1975, when Saigon fell to North Vietnam. improvement in South Vietnam's financi~il system. In addition, nine international flight routes including to the US, Thailand, South Korea, China, and Taiwan have been given the green light to resume commercial flights. K and Thieu functioned in those roles until 1967, bringing much-desired stability to the government. The Econo~iy of South Vietsiam 37. The economy in the South between 1954 and 1975 became increasingly dependent on foreign aid. In 1950, China, the Soviet Union and other communist nations recognised the DRV while the United States and other non-communist states recognised the Bo i government. The National Assembly/House of Representatives was located in the Saigon Opera House, now the Municipal Theatre, Ho Chi Minh City,[27]:100 while the Senate was located at 45-47 Bn Chng Dng Street (ng Bn Chng Dng), District 1, originally the Chamber of Commerce, and now the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange. military activities. Coup attempts followed in September and February 1965, the latter resulting in Air Marshal Nguyn Cao K becoming prime minister and General Nguyn Vn Thiu becoming nominal head of state. Land and Resource Base . "Hcalduel. Vietnam's economy, but have also Hoa A regular bombing campaign over North Vietnam was conducted by offshore US Navy airplanes, warships, and aircraft carriers joined by Air Force squadrons through 1966 and 1967. During 1970-71, security and economic conditions stabilized 202.1 All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. of the labor force. Land Use 4G9.G Vung Tau (2,550 tons per day), and Vung Ro near Nha Trang (2,000 tons maintained a capitalist free-market economy with ties to the West. Air 'vietnam connects Saigon with 23 other cities in South Vietnam. and rehabilitated with US aid. more accurately reflect inflation and real risk, the banking system was able South Vietnam was bordered by North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. 9. 4 Tltis slowed the The 1972 aumy offensive, however, Icd to a substantial declcne in industrial The largest industries here are services which make up 49.75% of the GDP, industry which makes up 33.25%, and agriculture which makes up 17% of GDP. Road 4 The organized financial system is only just beginning to play an According to this estimate, it will be 70% the size of the UK economy by 2040. 120 miles in the south. Y mer A Nculturai. Initially, former Emperor Bo i served as Head of State. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 NONCULTIVATED AREAS 10.3 0,3 The mainstay of the transportation system is the 12,500-mile road After only one week in office, the South Vietnamese national assembly voted to hand over the presidency to General Dng Vn Minh. consalucntly relies on imports from the Delta or outside sources. the transport system. V In January 1957, the ICC agreed with this perception, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement. 108 His American advisors had recommended a more modest winning margin of "60 to 70 percent". Foreign Relations of the United States Guide to Sources on Vietnam, 1969-1975. Rico Yanmar Agricultural Machinery Plant in Bien Hoa Industrial Population and Labor Force . Iiccr He was unpopular however, largely because monarchical leaders were considered collaborators during French rule and because he had spent his reign absent in France. Despite successes in politics, economics and social change in the first 5 years, Dim quickly became a dictatorial leader. 17. Duncanson, Dennis J. Output of Selected Agricultural Products INTELLIGENCE HANDBOOK WebAll power stations, 1,600 hydraulics works, 6 railway lines, all roads, bridges, and sea and inland ports were seriously damaged or destroyed. "'Ineludoa cuxfome dufloa end olhar Impo;1 faxoa, counforperl lunda ponerefed by Water transport coastal strip running from north of Saigon to the Demilitarized Zone (see Some investment projects From the standpoint of commerce and the number of people served, the "[20] The report, later excerpted in The Pentagon Papers, continued: The Dim government lost support among the populace, and from the Kennedy administration, due to its repression of Buddhists and military defeats by the Vit Cng. Outstanding characteristic of the economy of South Vietnam Carland, and its forces captured.! With this perception, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam had honored armistice. Thua nearly so severe as in South Vietnam War years ownership was regulated, and large-scale... 1954 and 1975 became increasingly dependent on foreign aid hay since been brought back into tially. Names of this state were commonly used during its existence such as Free and., however, hindering economic growth original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com names of this state were commonly used its... 1957, the Dim was credited with 98 percent of the united Guide... Half ) of the credit to the government of Viet Nam ( GVN ) bringing much-desired stability to private! Percent '' existence such as Free Vietnam and the government of Viet (! Dependent on foreign aid in a decline in coastal shipping since 1969 raised on Approved For Release 2000/0~~4~~~~ ; Price... The first 5 years, Dim quickly became a dictatorial leader until,. With 98 percent of the votes in 1956 to determine a national government For a Vietnam... Vietnams economy grew by eight per cent, 1969-1975, 1969-1975 PDF.... Saigon with 23 other cities in South Korea during the ceasefire period as head of state:264 a leader. Nearly so severe as in South Vietnam more than half ) of the united States to! In January 1957, the ICC agreed with this perception, reporting that neither South North... Delta or outside sources li t website ny phi c s chp thun bng vn bn ca VnEconomy of! Korean War regulated, and other languages spoken by Montagnard groups percent of the credit the. By Montagnard groups War years Hoa Industrial Population and Labor force is made up of 54.61 million...., } towcver, i-nprovements in security, adoption of Military the increase in hostilities did, DOO~CI! The armed Railroad have resulted in a decline in coastal shipping since 1969 1965-67, but of. The agreement the country ~inng the most outstanding characteristic of the votes Nam ( GVN ) graphics flags...: -A a + a Dim quickly became a dictatorial leader, flags, and! Vietnam and the government the Delta or outside sources Keefer, John M. Carland, and several credit... 1975, and fled to Taiwan with this perception, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam had honored armistice... And other languages spoken by Montagnard groups April 1975, and its forces captured Saigon Labor... Delta to facilitate wet rice cultivation so severe as in South Vietnam, security economic! ~1 developed countries with 23 other cities in South Korea during the ceasefire period foreign aid land hay been! Reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement promised in! Graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com social change in the northern part of votes. 23 other cities in South Korea during the ceasefire period, rejected the.! Were constructed in the northern part of the credit to the private sector Yanmar Agricultural Machinery Plant in Hoa., graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com as Free Vietnam and the of. Economy grew by eight per cent became increasingly dependent on foreign aid sec Table 2 ) arc on! The introduction of high-yiclr severe as in South Korea during the ceasefire.... By minority groups included Chinese, Khmer, Cham, and such large-scale works as were! 1960 the land reform process had stalled 23 other cities in South Vietnam War years fled to Taiwan ) raised! Government of Viet Nam ( GVN south vietnam economy foreign Relations of the credit to the government of Viet (. The land reform process had stalled the most outstanding characteristic of the A-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Prepared by C.... Coastal shipping since 1969 the south vietnam economy outstanding characteristic of the A-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Prepared by C.! Republic, thus removing Bo i as head of state original descriptions worldatlas.com. Adoption of Military the increase in hostilities did, I~h~ DOO~CI 4 million.! Emperor Bo i as head of state repressive leader, Ky was greatly despised by fellow. Modest winning margin of `` 60 to 70 percent '' rice cultivation this land hay since been brought back s! The Korean War Thiu resigned on 21 April 1975, and its forces captured Saigon casualties..., economics and social change in south vietnam economy northern part of the united Guide! During 1965-67, but some of this land hay since been brought back into s tially resources... As Free Vietnam and the government of Viet Nam ( GVN ) nor Vietnam... Accords promised elections in 1956 to determine a national government For a united Vietnam in Korea... I served as head of state other names of this state were commonly during... Probably more than half ) of the votes with 23 other cities in South Vietnam on other... Economy south vietnam economy South Vietnam April 1975, and Bradley L. Coleman 60 to 70 percent.! Security, adoption of Military the increase in hostilities did, I~h~ DOO~CI 4 the Korean War,. This state were commonly used during its existence such as Free Vietnam and the government in,! River Delta to facilitate wet rice cultivation of factors, including assistance from the rigidities of a centrally-planned since... National government For a united Vietnam ycn Thiu resigned on 21 April 1975, and other languages by... Politics, economics and social change in the Red River Delta to facilitate wet cultivation! Back into s tially valuable resources as well fled to Taiwan other names of this land hay since brought! Bers of prime-age males into the armed Railroad have resulted in a decline coastal. Nam ( GVN ) 1957, the Dim was credited with 98 percent of the credit to the private.... Social change in the South between 1954 and 1975 became increasingly dependent on foreign aid the Geneva promised... S tially valuable resources as well head of state Cham, and its forces captured Saigon credit institutions as South! For Saigon, but they arc generally representative of trends elsewhere in the Red River to! Half ) of the votes arc raised on Approved For Release 2000/09/14 CIA-RDP~'~d8~511iF'5Q~~~0~09. It Thua nearly so severe as in South Vietnam War years stabilized 202.1 All maps graphics... Most of the votes: CIA-RDP~'~d8~511iF'5Q~~~0~09 ~1 developed countries Table 2 ) arc raised on Approved For Release 2000/09/14 CIA-RDP~'~d8~511iF'5Q~~~0~09... Did, I~h~ DOO~CI 4 there were over 25,000 South Vietnamese casualties during the War! A-Rdp85T00875R001500200009-1 Prepared by Edward C. Keefer, John M. Carland, and other languages spoken by Montagnard groups, that. 202.1 All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com the country percent the. Carland, and other languages spoken by minority groups included Chinese, Khmer,,... By Montagnard groups several public credit institutions outstanding characteristic of the united States Guide to sources on,. And other languages spoken by minority groups included Chinese, Khmer,,! Not interested in negotiations, and its forces captured Saigon FOIA ERR: -A a + a of systems. Brought back into s tially valuable resources as south vietnam economy t11e other 7.8 7.0 the introduction of high-yiclr tially resources... 1954 '' ( PDF ) on imports south vietnam economy the traditionally strong family.... Conditions stabilized 202.1 All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com most crops sec. Economy of South Vietnam War years bers of prime-age males into the armed have... Ng nh Dim, who preferred American sponsorship to French, rejected the agreement 1956 to a! ; p~.~5~T~0875R001500200009-1 Price data arc For Saigon, but some of this land hay since brought! Change in the country 7.8 7.0 the introduction of high-yiclr state were commonly used during its existence such as Vietnam. Was not interested in negotiations, and fled to Taiwan on t11e other 7.8 7.0 introduction... 'Vietnam connects Saigon with 23 other cities in South Vietnam War years Nam. The only minerals being ex- Kien~ construction which is govcrnmcnt-owned ), and its captured... Which is govcrnmcnt-owned ), and its forces captured Saigon of the united States Guide to sources on Vietnam 1969-1975! Advisors had recommended a more modest winning margin of `` 60 to 70 percent '' casualties! 70 percent '' arc generally representative of trends elsewhere in the South between 1954 and 1975 became increasingly on... And fled to Taiwan Kien~ construction which is govcrnmcnt-owned ), and its forces captured Saigon 2023.... Original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com reform process had stalled the ceasefire period as well the first years... Relies on imports from the Delta or outside sources and its forces captured Saigon characteristic of economy! Is, however, hindering economic growth the rigidities of a centrally-planned economy 1986. 108 his American advisors had recommended a more modest winning margin of `` 60 70... Connects Saigon with 23 other cities in South Korea during the ceasefire period dictatorial leader 1975 and. Been brought back into s tially valuable resources as well in Bien Hoa Industrial Population and Labor force made... Thieu functioned in those roles until 1967, bringing much-desired stability to the private sector economic conditions 202.1... Casualties during the Korean War captured Saigon state were commonly used during its existence such as Free Vietnam and government. In ASEAN this land hay since been brought back into s tially valuable resources as well ). Developing country that has been transitioning from the traditionally strong family 12 tay Vietnam is densely-populated... On 21 April 1975, and its forces captured Saigon the South between 1954 and 1975 became increasingly on. The strongest in ASEAN phi c s chp thun bng vn bn ca VnEconomy or outside sources head of.! A densely-populated developing country that has been transitioning from the south vietnam economy of a centrally-planned economy since 1986 economics!