engineering controls and containment devices quizletengineering controls and containment devices quizlet

Process gases are compressible; liquids are not. 12.1-1 What are the types of engineering controls? In other words, material, equipment, or an entire process can be substituted to provide effective control of a lead hazard. endobj Projects such as the abrasive blasting of bridges, elevated highways, water towers, and storage tanks are likely to involve some type of containment structure. 0000020737 00000 n Supplemental Engineering Controls Closed System Transfer Devices (CSTDs) May NOT be used as a substitute for C-PEC, may be used in addition when compounding MUST be used when administering antineoplastic HDs Ensure CSTD is physically and chemically compatible with the specific HD No universal performance standard for CSTDs, evaluate 0000017143 00000 n 0000020092 00000 n Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. 0000007199 00000 n Any material that is being considered as a substitute for a lead-based paint should be evaluated to ensure that it does not contain equally or more toxic components (e.g., cadmium or chromates). Y. Power tools available for paint removal include needle guns, disc sanders, grinders, power wire brushes, rotary hammers, rotary peeners, and scarifiers. Origin of the microbe, or the agent in question, and the route of exposure are also important. /Contents 5 0 R /T1_2 8 0 R Premier, Inc. helps hospitals accelerate performance on both clinical outcomes and supply chain costs. Use techniques with known low exposure potential such as encapsulation and removal/replacement instead of hand scraping with a heat gun. If this method is used to control worker exposure to lead, the lead standard requires that the employer implement a job rotation schedule that (1) identifies each affected worker, (2) lists the duration and exposure levels at each job or work station where each affected employee is located, and (3) lists any other information that may be useful in assessing the reliability of administrative controls to reduce exposure to lead. Use of techniques with known low exposure potential, such as encapsulation and removal or replacement instead of hand-scraping and hand-sanding. If removal is not feasible, enclose the hazard to prevent exposure in normal operations. The process of heating the lead and applying it as a liquid presents an opportunity for exposure to lead-oxide fumes. Applying non-lead containing paints and primers. Recommended/feasible engineering controls (e.g., isolation, substitution, change of process, wet methods, local exhaust ventilation, general ventilation) are then discussed for each task or operation, along with work practice controls that are unique to these activities. %PDF-1.4 % Engineering controls are built into equipment or processes to minimize hazards. Structures that are typically cleaned by open abrasive blasting are bridges, tanks and towers, locks and dams, pipe racks, pressure vessels and process equipment, supporting steel, and metal buildings. This chapter also describes those lead-related tasks and operations that give rise to lead exposures among construction workers. Generally, the sequence of events in setting up, tearing down, and moving of a containment structure on a bridge project is as follows: First, a section of the bridge is blast-cleaned and primed within the enclosure. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. The lead health hazard during these operations comes from lead particulates released into the air. [. These systems require that the gun and shielding gas flow rates be carefully balanced to maintain weld quality and still provide good exhaust flow. An environmentally approved device that burns waste gas is collected from various process sources to reduce pressure. A PEC is a device or room that provides an ISO Class 5 environment for com-pounding CSPs. >> Although OSHA does not prohibit the use of methylene chloride-based stripping products, some local, State, and other Federal authorities may prohibit its use in residential units. These controls focus on the source of the hazard, unlike other types of controls that generally focus on the employee exposed to the hazard. These workers may be exposed to lead as a result of the dispersion of lead dust from the abrasive blasting, the leaking of hose connections, the changing of waste drums, the malfunctioning of recycling equipment, and clean-up activities. Lead-Related Construction Tasks and Their Presumed 8-Hour TWA Exposure Levels, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance, OSHA Technical Manual (OTM) - Section V: Chapter 3. When under pressure, both gases and liquids transmit force equally. trailer <<3FE115B2CE3646B19D51F54324A682A6>]/Prev 831446/XRefStm 2832>> startxref 0 %%EOF 709 0 obj <>stream Glove boxesare a good example of enclosure and isolation. The PEC must be cleaned then disinfected daily. Training and evaluation can help ensure selected controls are successful. 0000003646 00000 n Work is generally organized so that blasting proceeds for approximately one-half day, followed by compressed air cleaning of the steel and application of the prime coat of paint. Encapsulation is particularly attractive as a control method when large surfaces such as walls, ceilings, and floors are involved because encapsulation requires little containment or cleanup and does not threaten the environment. Wet Abrasive Blast Cleaning. This process is repeated several times until the metal is too cold to pour. Workers who do not shower and change into clean clothing before leaving the worksite may contaminate their homes and vehicles with lead dust. The cable splicing performed by electrical utility workers and utility contractors is another example of the use of lead pots. Exposures to lead while installing new insulation over mineral wool put into place before 1970 will vary markedly from job site to job site because of such factors as the size of the space, the method of application, and the amount of lead dust in the mineral wool. 0000017213 00000 n Chapter 2 - Engineering Controls. 2VzXi\^E ?_[ In pharmaceutical compounding, the term "primary engineering control" usually refers to a device used to reduce the number of airborne particles and microorganisms in the compounding suite by channeling filtered unidirectional high-efficiency particulate air into areas that must be as contaminant free as possible. Engineering controls can cost more upfront than administrative controls or PPE. Each biosafety level has its own specific containment controls that are required for the following: If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. % (The ability to use LEV may be limited by the location of the painting operation.). J-9-F-1-0011. It is the preferred solution to protect workers because no exposure can occur. Partial or full containments can be used to contain entire structures or portions thereof. Any material that flows in a pipe that supports or hinders a process in a plant or refinery; it can be either liquid or gas. 0000004973 00000 n In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are composed of what? Engineering controls are designs or modifications to equipment, industrial plants, processes, or systems that reduce the risk of worker exposure to a hazard. Keep shroud flush with the surface during cleaning. 0000015971 00000 n Elimination removes the hazard at the source. Although this list of operations is extensive, it is not necessarily inclusive (i.e, other construction activities not mentioned here may also involve lead exposure). S. Use of Lead-Containing Mortar in Chemical (Acid) Storage and Process Tanks, T. Handling Lead Shot, Bricks, or Sheets, and Lead-Foil Panels, U. Reinsulation Over Existing Mineral Wool, V. Removal and Repair of Stained-Glass Windows. Inside the nozzle, abrasive and air is sent through an injector, where pressurized water is sent through water jets to become atomized water. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. Three separate miscellaneous activities representative of the jobs performed by this group of workers are discussed below. 1992. Most biological enzymes become denatured when they are heated and lose their ability to catalyze reactions. Which structure, the original enzyme or the denatured enzyme, is more ordered? For all three groups of tasks, employers are required to provide respiratory protection appropriate to the task's presumed exposure level, protective work clothing and equipment, change areas, hand-washing facilities, training, and initial medical surveillance as prescribed by paragraph (d)(2)(v) of the standard. This section describes the job operations that take place in construction worksites and involve worker exposures to lead. This system may employ vibrating brushes to help release the paint from the surface. Differential pressure 0._____" WC negative, Chapter 10: Sterile Compounding and Aseptic T, Chapter 3 Pharmacy Law, Regulations, & Ethics, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Hendrick Van Ness, J.M. The dust-laden air must be filtered prior to its release into the atmosphere. The SPCC rule requires facilities to develop, maintain, and implement an oil spill prevention plan, called an SPCC Plan. HWn}G2h^Ei3#3KIM$fx[59Sx`KbwS.|@|]X/eM)QDuY1b^{0&\GH8 &0?6)@wr7vwAL'h_gOQTT#tcgG$. The only difference in the provisions applying to these groups is in the degree of respiratory protection required. Engineering controls are the type of controls that protect workers by removing hazardous conditions or by placing a barrier between the worker and the hazard. These techniques use heat in the form of a propane, MAPP gas, or oxyacetylene flame and a filler metal (tin/lead compositions, rosin core, brazing rods) to accomplish the task of joining. High-pressure water can remove loose paint and rust, but will not efficiently remove tight paint or tight rust, or mill scale. Welding and cutting activities that potentially involve exposure to lead can occur as part of a number of construction projects such as highway/railroad bridge rehabilitation (including elevated mass-transit lines), demolition, and indoor and outdoor industrial facility maintenance and renovation. After relocating the containment structure, the framing and plastic nylon coverings for the sides are reinstalled before blasting and repainting operations begin. Mini-enclosures, which have smaller cross-sectional areas than conventional enclosures, can be erected. This chapter provides OSHA compliance officers and safety and health professionals with general information on the types of construction activities involving worker exposure to lead and the feasible engineering and work practice controls to reduce these exposures. Process sources to reduce pressure repainting operations begin may contaminate their homes and vehicles with dust. 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